Uncategorized

https://blacknerdproblems.com/gone-in-a-flash-musings-on-digital-impermanence/

Since Adobe will no longer be supporting Flash Player after December 31, 2020 and Adobe will block Flash content from running in Flash Player beginning January 12, 2021, Adobe strongly recommends all users immediately uninstall Flash Player to help protect their systems.

There is a generation of gamers who honed their skills on internet browsers. Many kids with mice and keyboards flocked to their preferred domain. Perhaps you were a frequenter of Addicting Games, Armor Games, or Newgrounds.

I, myself, spent most of my time on OneMoreLevel, always telling myself that I’d only needed to play well “one more level.” There were platforms and RPGs, sports sims and visual novels. There were licensed properties and original ideas and clones of those original ideas that were circulated in an attempt to capture those coveted clicks. There were empires founded on this bit of software and we are starting 2021 by watching them fall.

Of course some of the more popular games have been archived so to speak. Some have found homes in proper releases on Steam such as the zombie scif-fi RPG, Sonny.

Others have migrated over to consoles as is the case with N: The Way of the Ninja and The Fancy Pants Adventures. Some you can still download like Need from Madness and Radical Aces (although, those aren’t true Flash Games, instead being created with the 3dvia player, but their software is similarly dated). Concerted efforts from BlueMaxima saved more than 38,000 flash games before the software was retired. Only time will tell which ones were truly lost to time.

The (not exactly) old adage goes “once it’s on the internet, it’s there forever,” but the shuttering of Flash Player is not the first instance of digital impermanence. Gearbox’s Battleborn is also shutting down this month after it had been removed from stores in November 2019 after failing to escape from the large shadow cast by Overwatch.

Destiny 2 vaulted a nontrivial portion of its game just three months ago. Epic’s Paragon was deactivated in 2018 due to the company funneling more resources into its beloved battle royale, Fortnite. And Paragon fans are lucky that Epic was generous enough to release all of its assets.

When Toontown shutdown in 2013, some of its fans banded together to recreate an unlicensed, free-to-play version of the game. And this is to say nothing of the hundreds of multiplayer servers that have been laid to rest, refashioned and repurposed.

Video games are uniquely susceptible to just… not existing. Books can go out of print, film reels and pressed records can be destroyed, but video games exist largely in an ephemeral state. Zeroes and ones on a hard drive, files sizes that grow exponentially with the complexity of the game. It’s not a simple matter of copy/pasting. When you are playing a modern game, you’re playing a unique instance that some other players will never get to experience and, if they do, it’s still only an approximation that took an untold amount of resources and effort to get to happen. See the vanilla World of Warcraft servers. See a ROM hacker adding in a digital patch to simulate a hardware upgrade for the SNES.

It is an endeavor, and one that has no easy solution. Whether it’s the Library of Congress, the National Video Game Museum, the Strong Institute, or the Videogame Heritage Society, there are several organizations dedicated to preserving these interactive art forms, but will be unable to capture their kairos, their timeliness. Videos games are predicated on people playing them and if they aren’t played, they’re not really games.

Somewhere, there are a handful of PlayStation 4s with a copy of Kojima’s PT. There are PlayStation 3s and XBox 1s with copies of Destiny stuck in the pre-Rise of Iron crucible meta, with Touch of Malices that will not rotate because last last gen consoles couldn’t support it. There is a ROM of Pokemon Blue that thankfully has the ability to store more than one save, such that a young gamer does not have to fear their younger sibling overriding their level 99 Venosaur and Mewtwo (and I’m sure other treasured companions) with a fresh save. Technology has made it possible to archive *almost* everything, but it is still incumbent upon us to make the effort to document the games that we love, lest they disappear in a flash.

But I suppose that’s just part of the game we call life and we get to choose to keep playing.


xkcd -2993 – RIP John Conway

Want to get Black Nerd Problems updates sent directly to you? Sign up here!
Follow us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram!

The post Gone in a Flash: Musings on Digital Impermanence appeared first on Black Nerd Problems.

January 15, 2021

Gone in a Flash: Musings on Digital Impermanence

https://blacknerdproblems.com/gone-in-a-flash-musings-on-digital-impermanence/

Since Adobe will no longer be supporting Flash Player after December 31, 2020 and Adobe will block Flash content from running in Flash Player beginning January 12, 2021, Adobe strongly recommends all users immediately uninstall Flash Player to help protect their systems.

There is a generation of gamers who honed their skills on internet browsers. Many kids with mice and keyboards flocked to their preferred domain. Perhaps you were a frequenter of Addicting Games, Armor Games, or Newgrounds.

I, myself, spent most of my time on OneMoreLevel, always telling myself that I’d only needed to play well “one more level.” There were platforms and RPGs, sports sims and visual novels. There were licensed properties and original ideas and clones of those original ideas that were circulated in an attempt to capture those coveted clicks. There were empires founded on this bit of software and we are starting 2021 by watching them fall.

Of course some of the more popular games have been archived so to speak. Some have found homes in proper releases on Steam such as the zombie scif-fi RPG, Sonny.

Others have migrated over to consoles as is the case with N: The Way of the Ninja and The Fancy Pants Adventures. Some you can still download like Need from Madness and Radical Aces (although, those aren’t true Flash Games, instead being created with the 3dvia player, but their software is similarly dated). Concerted efforts from BlueMaxima saved more than 38,000 flash games before the software was retired. Only time will tell which ones were truly lost to time.

The (not exactly) old adage goes “once it’s on the internet, it’s there forever,” but the shuttering of Flash Player is not the first instance of digital impermanence. Gearbox’s Battleborn is also shutting down this month after it had been removed from stores in November 2019 after failing to escape from the large shadow cast by Overwatch.

Destiny 2 vaulted a nontrivial portion of its game just three months ago. Epic’s Paragon was deactivated in 2018 due to the company funneling more resources into its beloved battle royale, Fortnite. And Paragon fans are lucky that Epic was generous enough to release all of its assets.

When Toontown shutdown in 2013, some of its fans banded together to recreate an unlicensed, free-to-play version of the game. And this is to say nothing of the hundreds of multiplayer servers that have been laid to rest, refashioned and repurposed.

Video games are uniquely susceptible to just… not existing. Books can go out of print, film reels and pressed records can be destroyed, but video games exist largely in an ephemeral state. Zeroes and ones on a hard drive, files sizes that grow exponentially with the complexity of the game. It’s not a simple matter of copy/pasting. When you are playing a modern game, you’re playing a unique instance that some other players will never get to experience and, if they do, it’s still only an approximation that took an untold amount of resources and effort to get to happen. See the vanilla World of Warcraft servers. See a ROM hacker adding in a digital patch to simulate a hardware upgrade for the SNES.

It is an endeavor, and one that has no easy solution. Whether it’s the Library of Congress, the National Video Game Museum, the Strong Institute, or the Videogame Heritage Society, there are several organizations dedicated to preserving these interactive art forms, but will be unable to capture their kairos, their timeliness. Videos games are predicated on people playing them and if they aren’t played, they’re not really games.

Somewhere, there are a handful of PlayStation 4s with a copy of Kojima’s PT. There are PlayStation 3s and XBox 1s with copies of Destiny stuck in the pre-Rise of Iron crucible meta, with Touch of Malices that will not rotate because last last gen consoles couldn’t support it. There is a ROM of Pokemon Blue that thankfully has the ability to store more than one save, such that a young gamer does not have to fear their younger sibling overriding their level 99 Venosaur and Mewtwo (and I’m sure other treasured companions) with a fresh save. Technology has made it possible to archive *almost* everything, but it is still incumbent upon us to make the effort to document the games that we love, lest they disappear in a flash.

But I suppose that’s just part of the game we call life and we get to choose to keep playing.

xkcd -2993 – RIP John Conway

Want to get Black Nerd Problems updates sent directly to you? Sign up here!
Follow us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram!

The post Gone in a Flash: Musings on Digital Impermanence appeared first on Black Nerd Problems.


January 15, 2021

NOC Review: Weird and Wacky ‘WandaVision’ Wows the MCU

https://thenerdsofcolor.org/2021/01/14/noc-review-weird-and-wacky-wandavision-wows-the-mcu/

By Laura Sirikul and Mike Manalo When WandaVision was first announced by Marvel in 2018 as a series centered around Wanda and Vision’s love story, fans were excited to watch their journey since their relationship was introduced in Captain America: Civil War. Prior to the debut of Infinity War, there was hope that Wanda and […]


January 15, 2021

BLOODY HELL Is a Pretty Fun and Very Weird Horror Flick

https://nerdist.com/article/bloody-hell-horror-comedy-review/

“Predictable” is one of the most damning words in film criticism. As a reviewer of films—and as a filmgoer in general—there’s nothing worse than when a movie goes exactly where you think it will without any nuance or fun along the way. Enjoying the ride is one thing; guessing correct so many times you should get a screenwriter’s credit is another. So that’s why movies like director Alister Grierson’s Bloody Hell are so welcome. At no point in the entire 95-minute runtime was I exactly sure what was going on. For better or worse, it absolutely keeps you guessing.

It’s hard to even tell from the trailer exactly what’s going on, and that too is to Bloody Hell‘s benefit. Is it an action-comedy? A gritty horror film? Is it a trippy John Dies at the End kind of experience? The answer is kind of all of the above and none of the above. “Indescribable” is also not really apt. But because we can’t really glean exactly what we’re watching, tropes-wise, we find ourselves just letting the story wash over us as we go from one hyper-violent set piece to another.

The story follows Rex (Ben O’Toole), a retired military guy of some sort who, following a robbery at a credit union, finds himself on trial for his actions in thwarting the assailants. Cut to eight years later. Rex is freshly out of prison and looking to get away from the paparazzi. At seemingly random, he chooses Finland as a destination and almost immediately a family of psychopathic Fins capture him, chain him up in a basement, and get him ready for dinner. Think of it as the Finnish Chain Saw Massacre.

Masked children lurking in Bloody Hell.

The Horror Collective

But it’s not entirely bad for ol’ Rex. He has two people to talk to. One is Alia (Meg Fraser), the seemingly innocent and gorgeous young daughter of the family. Because of course. And the other is himself. Rex has long conversations with his inner self, his conscience, or whatever you want to call it. The upshot is, O’Toole does most scenes in the movie opposite himself, one of which is shirtless almost the whole time. It’s impressive, in every aspect.

Meg Fraser as Alia in Bloody Hell

The Horror Collective

Really there are two different main plots at work in Robert Benjamin’s script. One explores the “reality” versus the perception of Rex’s takedown of the robbers. It touches on, but never fully delves into, his clearly scarred psyche and his innate bloodlust. Just because he’s effectively “saving” people doesn’t immediately make him a hero.

This story weaves in and out with the survival horror plot of Rex chained up in the basement waiting for the Finns to do something to him and trying to make his escape. This plot is the much more pedestrian, at least for awhile, but it has some absurdly over the top horror stuff. There are a few twists I wouldn’t dream of spoiling because, like I said, not knowing what’s going on his half the fun. Maybe even more than half.

Ben O'Toole hangs on for dear life in Bloody Hell.

The Horror Collective

Ultimately while I do think Bloody Hell is fun for the popcorn gorehound entertainment it tried to be, I also can’t help feeling the character of Rex is kind of reprehensible. He shouldn’t be the hero of a movie. But maybe that’s the point. This guy definitely is the hero of this type of movie; since we get to know how his mind works, we realize he really isn’t all that heroic. It’s only down to O’Toole’s all-in performance that we like Rex at all, and it’s on his (immaculately shaped) shoulders Bloody Hell rests.

Very strange, quite enjoyable, and a nice little well-shot indie flick. Better than it should be, and definitely never predictable. Bloody Hell is now playing at drive-ins and on demand.

Bloody Hell poster.

The Horror Collective

3.5/5

Kyle Anderson is the Senior Editor for Nerdist. You can find his film and TV reviews here. Follow him on Twitter!

The post BLOODY HELL Is a Pretty Fun and Very Weird Horror Flick appeared first on Nerdist.


January 15, 2021

Big Disneyland Annual Pass Updates!

http://www.thenerdelement.com/2021/01/14/big-disneyland-annual-pass-updates/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=big-disneyland-annual-pass-updates

Hi everyone! Today I have some interesting news about the annual passes at the Disneyland resort. So, let’s get started, shall we?! So, it appears that the annual pass holder program is coming to an end. Passholders will be contacted today and informed that they will be refunded the unused portion of their annual pass contract automatically. Back in October of 2020, we shared information that Tokyo Disneyland was ending its Passholder program due to limited park capacity and the difficulty of guaranteeing park reservations for passholders. At the time, we speculated that the same situation may need to happen at Disneyland as well.  Today, that suspicion was confirmed. 

Ken Potrock, Disneyland Resort President, is in the process of sharing the following letter with all current passholders. The letter explains the reason for the sudden change, addresses what a huge impact this will be for many, and hints that more information is yet to come. The truth is that Disneyland really wouldn’t have been able to uphold their end of the annual pass contract for an unknown number of months after the parks reopen due to expected drastic park capacity limitations. And while Disneyland hasn’t created their new ticket structure yet (they are busy sending surveys right now to figure out what guests want), they know that folks would rather have the guarantee of buying a ticket and gaining access than paying top dollar for an annual pass and not being guaranteed access for something they already paid for.  As a result of the high number of passholders and the low amount of expected park capacity, something drastic had to be done. But don’t despair just yet. Disneyland knows that many of you identify with the parks. It’s an important part of your lifestyle and the thought of not having access is probably causing some tears (or even anger) by those of you reading this. So Disneyland hopes to embrace the fans, continue to offer perks and opportunities, but have a new flexible ticketing structure that will allow Disneyland to control park access, and better serve guests in these difficult times.  What the exact ticketing structure will be isn’t finalized yet. But it will likely be incorporated into the new park reservation system.

What Current Annual Passholders Need to Know

First, and most importantly, you will automatically receive a prorated refund for the number of unused days on your annual pass. If you are curious how much that amount is, you’ll be able to visit Disneyland’s Passport Refund Page which will calculate your refund due.

But even with all Disneyland passes canceled, if you had an active park pass as of March 14th 2020, when the Disneyland Resort shut down, you will continue to receive some benefits. Passholder discounts will continue for the time being at Downtown Disney and Buena Vista Street. AND from January 18th through February 25th passholders will receive 30% off at select locations in Downtown Disney and Buena Vista Street Mondays through Thursdays (regular discounts still apply Friday through Sunday). 

Disney promises to make sure passholders are the first to hear about the new ticket program as soon as it has been finalized. We’ll be sure to break it down for you and explain the changes right here on Mice Chat as well.

That Disneyland Feeling

They had a few moments to chat with Disneyland Resort President Ken Potrock about these changes. It was quite clear that he both understood and was concerned about how these changes would make passholders feel. On the one hand, Disney has done everything it could to grow the program over the decades and make passholders feel special, but current business demands would make delivering the same level of access impossible in an age of social distancing and extreme park capacity limitations.

Ken is committed to creating new ways to engage Disneyland’s best fans and make sure they continue to feel connected. Nothing is off the table right now as they try to figure out exactly what fans want, and how Disneyland can deliver it under very challenging circumstances. If you have ideas about things Disney can do to help you feel the Magic once the parks reopen, please be sure to share in the comments below. Wanting a Passholders program just isn’t possible at the moment, but there are surely things Disney can offer, clubs, special ticketed events, fan merchandise, etc. that will help keep that sense of connection with Walt’s original Disneyland. 

POLL

In October 2020, we ran a poll asking if the Passholders program should be ended as it has been in Tokyo to allow Disneyland to better control park capacity. We were shocked by not only the number of votes and views, but also by the results. 

At the time, over 72% of you voted for some version of ending the program. Only 19% said the program should not be ended or changed. 

Annual Passholders will be refunded and future membership offerings are in the works. Any Annual Passholders who had active passes as of March 14, 2020 will still be able to receive discounts on merchandise, food, and beverages at open locations in Downtown Disney District and Buena Vista Street. Annual Passholders receiving a refund will get a separate confirmation email. Guests who have the Premier Passport with access to both Disneyland and Walt Disney World will receive a refund for the Disneyland portion as the pass is discontinued. Disneyland will continue to offer annual passholder discounts throughout the Disneyland Resort. The Premier Passport will be canceled after March 31st, 2021, which is the pass type that offered access to both Disneyland and Walt Disney World theme parks.

Premier Passholders will be able to renew their passes as a Walt Disney World Resort Annual Pass through April 30th, 2021. Orange County opened their first Super POD mass vaccination facility at Disneyland’s Toy Story parking lot earlier this week and plans to vaccinate all residents in the county by July 4th.

Disneyland has not shared any additional information about the new membership program that will replace the Annual Pass in the future.  Disneyland President Ken Potrock has sent a letter to Annual Passholders by email, which has been included below:

    Dear Annual Passholder,

    For nearly four decades, our Annual Passport program has been an important part of connecting with some of our most valued Guests. We are incredibly honored and grateful for that legacy, and the memories and magical moments you have helped us create over the years.

    It’s because you’ve played such an important part in the history of the Disneyland Resort that I personally wanted to share this news with you. In the next several days, we will begin the process of issuing appropriate refunds for eligible Disneyland Resort Annual Passports and sunsetting the current Annual Passport program due to the continued uncertainty of the pandemic and limitations and expected restrictions around the reopening of our theme parks.

    I know that sunsetting the Annual Passport program will be disappointing to many of our Passholders who are just as anxious as we are to reopen our gates and welcome Guests back when the time is right. But we are also very excited about what’s ahead. We plan to use this time while we remain closed to develop new membership offerings that will utilize consumer insights to deliver choice, flexibility and value for our biggest fans. Once we have more information to share about future membership offerings, our Passholders will be the first to hear from us as we embark on this next chapter.

    Annual Passholders who held active Passports as of March 14, 2020 will continue to receive applicable discounts, based on their Passport type, on merchandise and food & beverages at select Downtown Disney District and Buena Vista Street locations, until new membership offerings are announced. As an added benefit, starting January 18 through February 25, 2021, these Passholders will receive a 30% discount on select merchandise at select locations in Downtown Disney District and Buena Vista Street, Monday through Thursday. For more details, visit Disneyland.com/APSpecialOffers. We also encourage you to stay connected with the Disneyland Annual Passholders Facebook page as we plan to continue our Annual Passport communication and digital content with more special opportunities to come, until new membership offerings are announced.

    A pro rata refund will be issued for your Passport, if you are entitled to one. We are committed to processing refunds as diligently and as quickly as possible. A separate confirmation email will be sent once any applicable pro rata refund has been processed. Please visit Disneyland.com/PassportRefund for more information.

    While I have not had the chance to engage with many of you since assuming my Disneyland role in May of last year, I do want to thank you for your understanding during this challenging and unprecedented time. We are incredibly optimistic about our bright future – and look forward to you being part of it.

    Again, thank you for your loyalty over the years and your continued support.

    Ken Potrock

    President

    Disneyland Resort

Some people think that it is very good news and bad news. I think this is actually pretty good to me because I think it could affect people who want to come to Disneyland have to pay tickets and it could possibly be less crowded and not too many people. I know that annual pass holders are not happy about this news, but like the president said, its exciting of what is ahead going forward. I also noted last time that Disneyland has opened up the vaccination site to give people some covid-19 vaccines which is also good news.

All of this annual pass holder news just came today!

So, what do you guys think about this news about Disneyland?!

I would like to hear some comments, opinions, thoughts, or concerns down below!

Feel free to ask me questions if you have any questions!

Stay tuned for more Disney updates.

The post Big Disneyland Annual Pass Updates! appeared first on The Nerd Element.


Prev page
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850851852853854855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869870871872873874875876877878879880881882883884885886887888889890891892893894895896897898899900901902903904905906907908909910911912913914915916917918919920921922923924925926927928929930931932933934935936937938939940941942943944945946947948949950951952953954955956957958959960961962963964965966967968969970971972973974975976977978979980981982983984985986987988989990991992993994995996997998999100010011002100310041005100610071008100910101011101210131014101510161017101810191020102110221023102410251026102710281029103010311032103310341035103610371038103910401041104210431044104510461047104810491050105110521053105410551056105710581059106010611062106310641065106610671068106910701071107210731074107510761077107810791080108110821083108410851086108710881089109010911092109310941095109610971098109911001101110211031104110511061107110811091110111111121113111411151116111711181119112011211122112311241125112611271128112911301131113211331134113511361137113811391140114111421143114411451146114711481149115011511152115311541155115611571158115911601161116211631164116511661167116811691170117111721173117411751176117711781179118011811182118311841185118611871188118911901191119211931194119511961197119811991200120112021203120412051206120712081209121012111212121312141215121612171218121912201221122212231224122512261227122812291230123112321233123412351236123712381239124012411242124312441245124612471248124912501251125212531254125512561257125812591260126112621263126412651266126712681269127012711272127312741275127612771278127912801281128212831284128512861287128812891290129112921293129412951296129712981299130013011302130313041305130613071308130913101311131213131314131513161317131813191320132113221323132413251326132713281329133013311332133313341335133613371338133913401341134213431344134513461347134813491350135113521353135413551356135713581359136013611362136313641365136613671368136913701371137213731374137513761377137813791380138113821383138413851386138713881389139013911392139313941395139613971398139914001401140214031404140514061407140814091410141114121413141414151416141714181419142014211422142314241425142614271428142914301431143214331434143514361437143814391440144114421443144414451446144714481449145014511452145314541455145614571458145914601461146214631464146514661467146814691470147114721473147414751476147714781479148014811482148314841485148614871488148914901491149214931494149514961497149814991500150115021503150415051506150715081509151015111512151315141515151615171518151915201521152215231524152515261527152815291530153115321533153415351536153715381539154015411542154315441545154615471548154915501551155215531554155515561557155815591560156115621563156415651566156715681569157015711572157315741575157615771578157915801581158215831584158515861587158815891590159115921593159415951596159715981599160016011602160316041605160616071608160916101611161216131614161516161617161816191620162116221623162416251626162716281629163016311632163316341635163616371638163916401641164216431644164516461647164816491650165116521653165416551656165716581659166016611662166316641665166616671668166916701671167216731674167516761677167816791680168116821683168416851686168716881689169016911692169316941695169616971698169917001701170217031704170517061707170817091710171117121713171417151716171717181719172017211722172317241725172617271728172917301731173217331734173517361737173817391740174117421743174417451746174717481749175017511752175317541755175617571758175917601761176217631764176517661767176817691770177117721773177417751776177717781779178017811782178317841785178617871788178917901791179217931794179517961797179817991800180118021803180418051806180718081809181018111812181318141815181618171818181918201821182218231824182518261827182818291830183118321833183418351836183718381839184018411842184318441845184618471848184918501851185218531854185518561857185818591860186118621863186418651866186718681869187018711872187318741875187618771878187918801881188218831884188518861887188818891890189118921893189418951896189718981899190019011902190319041905190619071908190919101911191219131914191519161917191819191920192119221923192419251926192719281929
Next page